BRACE Character Profile™ Analysis

Name of Person Rated:  UNSUB SK002 --- [Unabomber Ted Kaczynski]

Input Ratings by:  J. Arturo Silva, M.D.      Date rated:  May 7, 2005

BRACE Character Profile™ analysis by:  Russell L. Smith, M.S.

Date of report:  May 14, 2005

Dear Dr. Silva,

Thank you for referring SK002 to BRACE Analysis to profile as an UNSUB. We appreciate the opportunity to provide you with this BRACE Character Profile™ consult. The input ratings you provided were used to generated the graphics and correlation charts included in this report. Thank you again for your confidence.

GENERAL INFORMATION:  The underlying structure of the BRACE Character Profile™ is based on three prototypical character types (Type A, Type B, and Type C), which are each rated on a 5-point scale on eight Cognitive variables, eight Behavior variables, and eight Existential or Motivation variables. The basic graphic generated by a BRACE Character Profile™ represents the degree to which the rated individual’s characteristic manner of thought, behavior, and motivation is similar to or different from each of the three prototypical character types. Once rated, the individual can be compared and contrasted with any previously rated individual, real or imagined, dead or alive, and to any other “prototypical type” in the BRACE Character Profile™ database (DSM-IV-TR™ personality disorders, 40-point Hare PCL-R, Asperger’s Disorder, etc.).

The input ratings for the BRACE Character Profile™ can be completed by anyone with basic reading skills and the ability to objectively rate statements about a well known or accurately imagined individual. The BRACE Character Profile™ provides a wealth of information, but the individual rated must be well known or clearly imagined. Consensus ratings by two or more individuals increases the knowledge base and minimizes rating biases. However, one objective rater with good knowledge of the character being rated is sufficient. A comprehensive analysis of the BRACE Character Profile™ graphics and correlation charts requires basic knowledge of the three prototypical character types, which is available on the internet in the Frequently Asked Section of www.BRACEanalysis.com.

In the final analysis, the BRACE Character Profile™ merely puts the image that is in the rater’s mind into an objective and meaningful format, which can be shared and considered from many different angles, much like a hologram or a virtual reality tour of a house. The bits and pieces of information included in the input ratings are transformed into a virtual persona of the individual in the mind of the rater. This process is certainly affected by the knowledge base for input ratings, the objectivity and critical thinking skills of the rater, and the adherence of the rater to the BRACE Character Profile™ rating procedures, which are printed on the input form.

UNSUB SK002’s Basic BRACE Character Profile™ Graphic:

Analysis of Basic Graphic:

SK002’s Basic BRACE Character Profile™ graphic reflects significant pathology in each Domain (Cognitive, Behavior, Existential) and for each prototypical character type (Type A, Type B, Type C). The Type B characteristics dominate each domain, reflecting an individual who is very much preoccupied with matters of power and control, has a history of violent acting-out, and is highly motivated to acquire and exercise power and control. However, in spite of SK002’s willingness to actively implement his plans and to impose his will on others, the overall patterns indicate some type of situational restraint. Yet, SK002 is very much a what-you-see-is-what-you-get individual, with an almost two dimensional transparency. SK002 is self-centered, has an active fantasy life, and his judgment is flawed, very likely secondary to his distorted world view based on matters of power and control. He actively cultivates his distorted world view, will aggressively defend his views, and relates to others accordingly. SK002 is very likely a loner whose predominant presentation is humorless and anger driven. At this level of analysis, psychosis can not be ruled out, particularly psychosis based on delusion.

Visual Comparison of  UNSUB SK002s basic BRACE Character Profile™ graphic to the 10 DSM-IV-TR™ personality disorders (see graphic on next page):

This graphic is used for a simple visual comparison to help rule-in and rule-out clusters of characteristics. Although a very gross level of analysis, for some cases a simple visual comparison is all that is needed in order to clarify the basic graphic. A visual comparison of SK002’s basic graphic with the 10 personality disorders in DSM-IV-TR™ results in the following general findings:

Most similar to SK002 based on visual comparison: 

301.0  Paranoid Personality Disorder

301.7  Antisocial Personality Disorder

Unclear but possible matches or traits based on visual comparison:

301.22  Schizotypal Personality Disorder

301.83  Borderline Personality Disorder

301.81  Narcissistic Personality Disorder

301.4  Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

Most dissimilar to SK002 based on visual comparison:

301.20  Schizoid Personality Disorder

301.50  Histrionic Personality Disorder

301.82  Avoidant Personality Disorder

301.6  Dependent Personality Disorder

In the case of SK002, this gross level of analysis related to personality characteristics sheds little light on his functioning beyond that included in his basic graphic. However, it does support the contention that he is independent, proactive rather than reactive, rigid and assertive related to his world view, and very willing to violate the rights of others in order to meet his goals and fulfill his fantasies, which are dominated by matters of power and control. Additionally, being able to rule-out overall schizoid characteristics is clinically significant.

BRACE Character Profile™ CORRELATION SUMMARY ANALYSIS AIDES:

NOTE:  A clinician using the BRACE Character Profile™ graphics and correlations for the DSM-IV-TR™ diagnostic categories will need to keep in mind that the DSM-IV-TR™ Personality Disorders are not equal in terms of the types of information used as a “diagnostic criteria” --- nor are they equal in terms of the number of available criteria that must be met in order for a diagnosis to be made --- nor are they equal in terms of the number and types of other qualifiers which must be taken into consideration in order to make a diagnosis. DSM-IV-TR™ is a categorical classification, but all members of a diagnostic class are not homogeneous, class boundaries are not clear, and there is significant overlap between “classifications.”

The BRACE Character Profile™ is a dimensional classification system which provides numerical and graphic information, which may be subthreashold, based on a quantification of core characteristics common to human nature. In fact, negative correlations provide as much clinical information as positive correlations. Bottom line is that a visual comparison of BRACE Character Profile™ graphics correlation charts help inform clinical opinion or the opinion of anyone familiar with the BRACE Character Profile™. Some alternatives can be ruled-out and others more seriously considered through a more detailed analysis of underlying variables and correlations.

The color coding used in the BRACE Character Profile™ correlation charts is somewhat like a traffic light: 

•         green is a GO for high positive correlation (.05 or higher).

•         yellow is a CAUTION for a positive correlation which deserves consideration (.1 to .06).

•         red is a STOP, which indicates a negative correlation of .1 or higher.

Actually, the negative correlations provide as much useful clinical and practical information as the positive correlations. It is the combination of high correlations, both positive and negative, that yields the analysis. If one knows how a person thinks, what a person thinks about, what a person does, and what a person wants, then the person is 100% profiled. On the flip side, if one knows how a person does NOT think, what a person does NOT think about, what a person does NOT do, and what a person does NOT want, then the person is also 100% profiled.

Consider the 10 DSM-IV-TR™ personality disorders. When there are several significant positive correlations and several significant negative correlations that consistently complement each other in terms of the functional characteristics, the individual profiled is well formulated and has a high level of definition provided by the stark contrasts.

Note that “Diagnostic Considerations” means exactly that ... consider ... and apply clinical skills. The correlations are indicators, but analysis requires consideration of known facts, other sources of information, and the analysis of each Type (A, B, and C) and each Domain (Cognitive, Behavior, and Existential). The BRACE Character Profile™ reflects patterns, characteristics of thought, behavior, and motivation --- it does not presume to make clinical diagnoses. There are many potential clinical paths to any cluster of cognitive-behavioral-existential characteristics.

The following correlation charts ... analysis aides ... include the 10 DSM-IV-TR™ Personality Disorders, a prototypical 40-point HARE PCL-R™, and Asperger’s Disorder.

The 12 columns in the above chart are as follows:

Column 1 =  Paranoid Personality Disorder (301.0)

Column 2 =  Schizoid Personality Disorder (301.20)

Column 3 =  Schizotypal Personality Disorder (301.22)

Column 4 =   Antisocial Personality Disorder (301.7)

Column 5 =   Borderline Personality Disorder (301.83)

Column 6 =  Histrionic Personality Disorder (301.50)

Column 7 =   Narcissistic Personality Disorder (301.81)

Column 8 =   Avoidant Personality Disorder (301.82)

Column 9 =   Dependent Personality Disorder (301.6)

Column 10 =  Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (301.4)

Column 11 =   prototypical 40-point Hare PCL-R™

Column 12 =   Asperger’s Disorder  (299.80)

OVERALL DIAGNOSTIC CONSIDERATIONS:

Significant positive correlations:  301.0 Paranoid Personality Disorder (r = +0.50), 301.81 Narcissistic Personality Disorder (r = +0.26), and 40-point Hare PCL-R (r = +0.23).

Significant negative correlations:  301.6 Dependent Personality Disorder (r = -0.38), 301.50 Histrionic Personality Disorder (r = -0.36), 301.83 Borderline Personality Disorder (r = -0.27), and 301.20 Schizoid Personality Disorder (r = -0.20).

Analysis:  In combination, these positive and negative correlations indicate that SK002 is independent, assertive, interpersonally isolated, self-serving in his world view, and generally insensitive or indifferent to the needs of others. It is noteworthy that there is an overall significant negative correlation for schizoid characteristics. It is also noteworthy that SK002 does not have an overall positive correlation with Antisocial Personality Disorder, but does have narcissistic and psychopathic characteristics. In combination, these findings suggest that SK002 has a rather narrow range of criminal conduct and that his psychopathic characteristics relate primarily to his self-centered world view. Adding SK002’s significant level of cognitive dysfunction and dominant paranoid characteristics, a delusion-based psychosis must be strongly considered. A more precise analysis of SK002’s overall functioning requires a closer look at each Domain (Cognitive, Behavior, Existential) and each prototypical character Types (A, B, C).

DOMAIN DYSFUNCTION:

Cognitive Domain Dysfunction:

Significant positive correlations for 301.0 Paranoid Personality Disorder (r = +0.44) and traits of 301.7 Antisocial Personality Disorder (r = +0.34).

Significant negative correlations include 301.50 Histrionic Personality Disorder (r = -0.60), 301.6 Dependent Personality Disorder (r = -0.46), and 301.83 Borderline Personality Disorder (r = -0.35).

Analysis:  Regardless of SK002’s level of intellectual functioning, he has a simplistic world view, is very rigid in his thought processes, and expends most of his cognitive energies calculating defensive and offensive strategies to maintain and exercise power and control. He is hypersensitive to criticism, environmental variations, and being told what to do or what not to do. He is generally inflexible, prone to misperceive the motives of others, and more comfortable in isolation than with crowds. He is fiercely independent in his manner of thought, being closed-minded rather than open-minded, and tends to establish his sense of cognitive control by negatively stereotyping others.

Behavior Domain Dysfunction:

Significant positive correlation with 301.0 Paranoid Personality Disorder (r = +0.49). Significant negative correlations include 301.83 Borderline Personality Disorder (r = -0.45), 301.20 Schizoid Personality Disorder (r = -0.36), and 301.6 Dependent Personality Disorder (r = -0.34).

Analysis:  The absence of a significant positive correlation for Antisocial Personality Disorder, Narcissistic Personality Disorder, and a prototypical 40-point Hare PCL-R in combination with the presence of a significant negative correlation for Schizoid Personality Disorder and a negative correlation for Asperger’s Disorder, strongly suggests that SK002’s cognitive dysfunction and violent acting-out is based on a delusional psychosis, most likely 295.30 Schizophrenia, Paranoid Type or 297.1 Delusional Disorder, Mixed Type (Erotomanic, Grandiose, and Persecutory). Jealous Type would have been included, but SK002 does not likely have a spouse or lover.

Existential Domain Dysfunction:

Significant positive correlation with 301.0 Paranoid Personality Disorder (r = +0.57). Significant negative correlations include 301.6 Dependent Personality Disorder (r = -0.57) and 301.82 Avoidant Personality Disorder (r = -0.44).

Analysis:  SK002’s primary desire is for power and control, predictability and structure, and he wants to be the one making the rules and able to enforce the rules. Interestingly there is a negative correlation with Avoidant Personality Disorder, suggesting some desire for social contact and personal intimacy, which is incompatible with his basic nature.

CHARACTER DYSFUNCTION:

Type A:

Significant positive correlation with Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (r = +0.43). Significant negative correlation for 301.7 Antisocial Personality Disorder (r = -0.46).

Analysis:  SK002’s Type A characteristics are dominated by obsessive-compulsive characteristics, but these characteristics are significantly not antisocial in nature. This is an indication that SK002 does have an underlying need for order and structure that is not due primarily to his paranoid tendencies. This is a clinically interesting and significant point that may be meaningful to a clinician familiar with SK002. It may be secondary to SK002’s delusional beliefs and his need to protect and act on them.

Type B:

Significant positive correlations for 301.22 Schizotypal Personality Disorder (r = +0.57), 301.82 Avoidant Personality Disorder (r = +0.51), 301.0 Paranoid Personality Disorder (r = +0.46), Schizoid Personality Disorder (r = +0.42), and 299.80 Asperger’s Disorder (r = +0.42).

No significant negative correlations.

Analysis:  This is the most salient part of the correlations, perhaps more important than the overall diagnostic indicators. The Type B characteristics dominate all three Domains (Cognitive, Behavior, Existential) and the usual rationales for such dominance are not readily apparent. In the case of SK002, the Type B characteristics dominate everything. This means that Type B characteristics are the primary source of the overall characteristics.

The schizotypal, avoidant, paranoid, schizoid, and Asperger’s Disorder characteristics, which make up the VERY dominant Type B characteristics in each Domain (Cognitive, Behavior, Existential), in combination with the absence of a overall Antisocial Personality Disorder, strongly supports a delusion-based psychosis acted-out by a socially isolated individual who is generally subject to delusion and, by nature, insensitive or indifferent to others. Very violent acting-out and a very detached personal life are strongly indicated. But, this is a combination of factors that a clinician familiar with the case of SK002 will have to resolve.

Type C:

Significant positive correlations for traits of 301.81 Narcissistic Personality Disorder (r = +0.38) and 299.80 Asperger’s Disorder (r = +0.34).

No significant negative correlations.

Analysis:  Narcissistic characteristics in combination with Asperger’s Disorder characteristics indicates more insensitivity than maliciousness. Taking into consideration the level of violence SK002 is willing to inflict on others for his own self-serving reasons, he is an exceptional risk to others, and likely delusional.

CHARACTER X DOMAIN DYSFUNCTION:

COGNITIVE:

Type A:

Significant positive correlation for traits of 301.20 Schizoid Personality Disorder (r = +0.66).

No significant negative correlations.

Type B: 

Significant positive correlations for 301.82 Avoidant Personality Disorder (r = +0.84) and 301.0 Paranoid Personality Disorder (r = +0.73).

Significant negative correlation for 301.50 Histrionic Personality Disorder (r = -0.65).

Type C:  No significant correlations.

Analysis:  The significant positive correlation with schizoid characteristics at this level is clinically significant. At this level, Type A schizoid characteristics in the Cognitive domain, combined with avoidant and paranoid Type B characteristics in the Cognitive domain, and no significant Type C correlations in the Cognitive domain, suggests that SK002 is an interpersonally detached individual who is proactively socially isolated and does not understand or trust others. Such individuals are strongly subject to delusion and idiosyncratic, best-fit theories of life and living. SK002 is a me-against-the-world individual.

BEHAVIOR:

Type A: 

No significant positive correlations.

Significant negative correlation for 301.7 Antisocial Personality Disorder (r = -0.91).

Type B:  No significant correlations.

Type C:  Significant positive correlation for 301.7 Antisocial Personality Disorder (r = +0.91).

Significant negative correlation for 301.83 Borderline Personality Disorder (r = -0.67).

Analysis:  At this level, a significant negative correlation for Type A Antisocial Personality Disorder characteristics in combination with a significant positive correlation for Type C Antisocial Personality Disorder characteristics generally support the conclusion that SK002’s violent acting-out is based on delusion, that he is cognitively intact, and that he makes his choices carefully but consistent with his delusional, narrow-minded world view.

EXISTENTIAL:

Type A:  No significant correlations.

Type B: 

No significant positive correlations.

Significant negative correlations for 301.82 Avoidant Personality Disorder (r = -1.00) and 301.81 Narcissistic Personality Disorder (r = -0.73).

Type C:  No significant correlations.

Analysis:  These findings reveal the nature of SK002’s existential crisis. SK002 very much wants social interaction and acceptance but his expectation is rejection and scorn, which translates into his obsession with power and control, his related violent social acting-out, and his desire for greater power and control.

SUMMARY CONCLUSIONS:

SK002 is an individual who is preoccupied with matters of power and control and is willing and able to act on his related delusional beliefs. He is cognitively intact, narrowly focused, violent, and highly motivated. He is socially isolated but socially motivated and very independent and proactive. He has little or no regard for the effects his behavior has on others, particularly as related to his primary motives. As a further point of clarification, SK002 was compared to the BRACE Character Profile™ for the DSM-III-R™ Sadistic Personality Disorder and for the DSM-IV-TR™ ADHD. The findings are consistent with the above analysis. SK002 is significantly positively correlated with Sadistic Personality Disorder overall and in all three Domains (Cognitive, Behavior, Existential), but significantly negatively correlated with ADHD. These findings support the contention that SK002 is cognitively intact and that his violent acting-out is a direct form of social control intended to inflict pain and suffering. Overall, the current findings are consistent with 295.30 Schizophrenia, Paranoid Type and 297.1 Delusional Disorder, Mixed Type.

Again, thank you for the opportunity to provide this consult,

Russell L. Smith, M.S.

BRACE Analysis

www.BRACEanalysis.com